Engleza,testul 2 - Elena

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Management is the process of coordinating the resources of an organization to achieve the primary goals of the organization.A goal is an end state that the organization is expected to achieve. Goal setting, then, is the process of developing a set of goals. The most fundamental type of goal is the organization's purpose, which is the reason for the organization's existence. The organization's mission is the means by which it is to fulfill its purpose. Finally, an objective is a specific statement detailing what the organization intends to accomplish as it goes about its mission .Planning-once goals have been set for the organization, managers must develop plans for achieving them. A plan is an outline of the actions by which the organization intends to accomplish its goals. The processes involved in developing plans are referred as planning. An organization's strategy is its broadest set of plans and is developed as a guide for major policy setting and decision making.. A tactical plan is a smaller-scale plan developed to implement a strategy. Tactical plans may need to be updated periodically as conditions and experience dictate.. Organizing is the grouping of resources and activities to accomplish some end result in an efficient and effective manner. Leading and Motivating functions are concerned with the human resources within the organization. Leading is the process of influencing people to work toward a common goal. Motivating is the process of providing reasons for people to work in the best interests of the organization. Together, leading and motivating are often referred to as directing.Controlling is the process of evaluating and regulating ongoing activities to ensure that goals are achieved.A top manager is an upper-level executive who guides and controls the overall fortunes of the organization. Top managers constitute a small group. A middle manager is a manager who implements the strategy and major policies handed down from the top level of the organization. A lower-level manager is a manager who coordinates and supervises the activities of operating employees. Lower-level managers spend most of their time working with and motivating employees, answering questions, and solving day-to-day problems. A financial manager is a manager whose primary responsibility is the organization's financial resources An operations manager is a manager who creates and manages the systems that convert resources into goods and services A marketing manager is a manager responsible for facilitating the exchange of products between the organization and its customers or clients.A human resources manager is a person charged with managing the organization's formal human resources programs. An administrative manager (also called a general manager) is a manager who is not associated with any specific functional area but who provides overall administrative guidance and leadership.